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Overview of GI Dysfunction Models

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common issue in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Symptoms including dysphagia, bloating, and constipation, with constipation often reported decades before motor symptoms appear. Pathologically, alpha-synuclein (aSyn) accumulation has been reported in the neurons of the GI system, as well as morphology- and activity-based changes of the enteric nervous system (ENS), microbial dysbiosis, and increased gut permeability. In this overview document you will find a summary of models that display GI dysfunction. Please note, this list is not comprehensive.

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